Globalization Is An Idea Than The Truth - 1887 Words

Pankaj Ghemawat believes we do not live in a globally flat world. In his work Why the World isn’t Flat he speaks of how this greatly wide spread globalization is more of an idea than the truth. Ghemawat claims that while globalization is a hot topic, it is talked about in more ways than it is actually used. According to the US library of Congress’s catalog, the rate of increase in the writings of globalization have been doubling about every 18 months since the 1990’s. While many more people are expressing their ideas of globalization we are not partaking in the actual actions of globalization nearly as much as these writings make it seem. Of course most of the ways we interact, as the writings suggest, are being done â€Å"we only interact in a way that is a fraction of what we could do†. A whooping 90 percent of all phone calls, web traffic, and investments are still only local interactions and plenty of the over seas transactions are still done with dome stic companies that simply have operations in foreign nations. Since they are domestic all benefits from that operation will eventually, if not instantly, return home. It is said that â€Å"investment knows no boundaries† but if these investments are done with locally based companies located in an international location the geographical ground will not reek the benefits. While technological advances have made global interaction come with ease, it is a huge step to believe increased communication will take away the effects thatShow MoreRelated A Critique of the Juliette Beck Speech Essay967 Words   |  4 PagesCommunities in the Age of Corporate Globalization neither adequately described the problems of globalization as it is currently structured, nor did it provide any answers to the problems with it, either the real problems that actually exist (labor and environmental exploitation) or the problems that Beck purported (large corporations). Primarily, Becks speech was flawe d in that it was incoherent and empirical incorrect. 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Another concern regarding the issue of power and the media is that adverseRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Crossing Borders : International Studies For The 21st Century1559 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout this course I learned a lot about globalization and the world around me. Today’s world is much closer than it has been in the past. Countries rely on one another and seek security and safety from one another as well. Often times if something bad happens to one country neighboring countries and countries associated with them can feel the harsh effects. Being that the world is so close to together one can see similarities throughout the world. Globalization has brought social, cultural, politicalRead MoreEffects Of Globalization Of Movies966 Words   |  4 PagesIn the world today, globalization is an idea that many turn a blind eye towards, not really realizing the extent at which it is happening. Globalization is the idea of moving the culture of America and its movies fr om the American market to the international market. With the presence of the globalization of American movies comes the idea as to whether it is hurting our culture in America, as well as whether it is actually helping the international market in which the multi-million dollar blockbustersRead MoreThe World Is Not Perfect1155 Words   |  5 PagesGlobalization, by its most primal definition, is extremely beneficial to First and Third world countries alike. Ideally, Globalization would create more jobs in the countries involved, increase trade between nations thus lowering the price of goods, and spread information about the dire effects of sexism, racism etc in order to improve the lives of people being affected by these institutions. However, the truth is that the world is not perfect. The world is currently run by capitalist and racistRead MoreThe Importance Of Globalization850 Words   |  4 Pagestaking this course, I was curious about the movement of cultural aspects througho ut the world. Globalization is more complex than just the spreading of culture but is the idea of global evolution and growth in a positive direction while highlighting and addressing global issues. Globalization is often defined as the expansion of interactions of people through the flow of ideas, culture, and wealth. Globalization influences global, regional, and national policy as well as democracy, education, and humanRead MoreGlobalization And The Laws Of Gravity1212 Words   |  5 Pages Arguing against globalization is like arguing against the laws of gravity (Kofi Annan, Fmr. 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Business 2 Essay Example For Students

Business 2 Essay Improving personal communications is very important to today in the fast moving world. The communication process is very important, it is estmated that 80 percent of messages get deport† For better results replace â€Å"You statements† with â€Å"I statements.† Say I’m concernedThat will bring the person off of the defensive approch. Also discuss things as they happen with out waitng. When you wait things can be losted or forgotten. If you work them out early it will be much easier for you and the other person. Select the right ime and place to discuss something. Like and office away from co-workers or customers or busy phones. So that person has your full attention. Overwhelming other with your self disclosure is not a good idea. You shoudl be open, but don’t share too much, too fast. Before sayign anything consider these three things. 1. Is the statement true? 2. Is the statement necessary? 3. Is the statement kind? Be aware of your nonverble cues. Cues give you away easy. Example, hesitation in your voice, expression of doubt on your face, and a long pause. The emotion you give is how intrested you are. doing this their is filters example. Sender (You)Sender Filters *Semantics{upersonal communications is very important to today in the fast moving world. The communication process is very important, it is estmated that 80 percent of messages get distorted or lost. Impersonal communication is not always the right way to speak with people. This would be fax, e-mail,bulliton board, voice mail and manuals etc. Interpersonal communications is a verbal exchange of thoughts or imformation between two or more people, and through this it allows people to give feedback on what they have to say or ideas they would like to share. In Communications theirs always (You) Message Sender. Next, Message (Directions) Next, (Friend) Message Receiver. By doing this their is filters example. Sender (You)Sender Filters *Semantics, *Emotion, *Attitudes, *Role Expectations, *Gender Bias.-Message-Receiver Filtes, *Semantics, *Emotion, *Attitudes, *Role Expectations, *Gender Bias.Receiver (Plumber) Semantic is a word that will ahve different meanings to different people. Example WordProcessing to some people that might mean type writer. To me it means Computer typing. Emotions play a big part on what kinda feed back you get when talk to someone. If a CEO, comes into a busniess meeting and starts yelling and gives everyone a real big attitude. The people who have to come up with ideas aren’t going to say much. If they have an idea they will probably won’t say it at all. That also falls into Attitudes. When working in a company you have to find a role. What I mean by a role is you have to find a common ground of what you have to get done and do it. There will be some gender bias in every company or work place, you just need to find something you like and stick to it. Nonverbal Messages play a huge part. Example if you are the boss and someone is trying to give you an idea they came up with and you are not giving them eye contact, a dirty facial expression, and uncomfotable gest ures. The person will feel that you could careless. When in a work enviroment everyone needs some kind of personal space. When provided personal space people work better and easier and more relaxed. When talking to someone send clear messages try to keep out all the filters. So people won’t be misunderstood. Use words carefully, example use words that are simple, clear and cannot be mistaken. Use repetion when possible send the people an e-mail or leave a message, that will get there attention. Develop listening skill, everytime you talk with someone you’re working on listening skills. Apply that to the next person. Active listening you’re seeing and listening to what they have to say. Empathic listening is good to a company becuase it gives a employee someone to talk to too about personal problems. Here’s some steps 1. Avoid being judgmental. 2. accept what is said. 3. Be patient. This will help a company in a big way. You want to create a climate that encourages upward communication. Have the people below at the bottom give

Polish Culture.Doc Essay Example

Polish Culture.Doc Essay The Family cultures tend to be hierarchical and power-oriented. Furthermore, they are high context and the relationship Is diffuse. * The Eiffel Tower cultures are role-oriented, the rules and procedures are clear and very strict. What Is more. Order and predictability are very important. (Trampers and Williams, 2003). * The Guided Missile cultures tend to be task-oriented and low centralized. Achievement and effectiveness are weighed above the demands of authority, procedures, or people (ibid). This culture is individualistic, people often change teams and tasks ND are very enthusiastic about their work. * The Incubator cultures are highly individualistic, flexible with commitment to oneself and professional recognition (ibid). This culture is person-oriented. 2. 3. 1. Relationship with others Second set of dimensions outlined by Trampers is mainly based on people s relationships with each other and includes: 1. Universalism 2. Specific 3. Individualism 4. Achievement 5. Neutral Particulars Defuse relationships Collectivism Ascription Affective Relationships 3. Analysis of Polish culture 4. 2. Introduction unfortunately there are no clear evidence showing the affinity of the Polish culture to any of the dimensions mentioned above and therefore the following analysis will be mostly based on my personal experience and supported by additional data. 1 . 3. 4. 1. 4. 2. Corporate Culture It could be suggested that Poland is a Family Culture with some features centralists Tort ten I lower cultures. We will write a custom essay sample on Polish Culture.Doc specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Polish Culture.Doc specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Polish Culture.Doc specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Hearst all tenure Is a clear annularly In most of the Polish companies as well as in families, typical for the Eiffel Tower cultures. It is usual in Polish schools to emphasize the importance of parents in their childrens education. For example I remember my parents receiving congratulation letter for my personal achievements. 4. 3. Relationship with others To move on to the second set of dimensions distinguished by Trampers I assume that Poles tend to be more particularistic. It means that they often put relationships above rules and regulations. This dimension is common amongst rural (catholic) cultures like Poland. For example Polish president, Lech Sacking, has recently forgiven a group of young people who murdered a man tormenting local citizens. It shows that Poland has deep-rooted particularistic. On the other hand, I have observed an increasing popularity in contract signing recently which is characteristic for universalistic cultures. Secondly, Poles tend to be more diffuse in relationships, which means that they often link work with private lives. Use of titles is obligatory, calling someone older by his/her first name is often seen as an insult. Thirdly, based on my personal experience I would say that Polish citizens tend to be more individualistic. As Trampers suggested 74 % of Polish interviewee preferred to be left alone to get the Job done. Personally, I feel more motivated working on my own and often receive better results. It may be surprising that a previously communist country, where collectivism was the main philosophy has changed so dramatically. In my opinion Poles were not able to communicate their authentic values and behaviors and were perceived through the eyes of its invaders. Moreover, Polish culture characterizes ascription. The status depends on age, gender and social position. Poles often use titles and value hierarchy. For example almost every application form in Poland requires specific address titles such as doctor, professor and engineer. On the other hand, I would say that young generation is becoming ore achievable, which means that they prefer to be valued by what they do instead of who they are. Apart from that Poland is certainly an affective culture, a culture where expressing emotions is perceived as a norm . According to Wickerworks and Karakas 85 % of interviewee answered that emotions should be expressed immediately by verbal and non-verbal communication. Interrupting each other in Poland is sometimes perceived as a sign of interest. 4. 4. Working with different cultures To move on, I think that it is always difficult to work with people from different ultras, especially if you do not know them well. First of all, Japan is a neutral and collectivist culture with high Power-Distance and therefore it may cause some significant problems for Poles to work effectively with Japanese. Personally, I find silence very frustrating and often feel ignored by Japanese people. Apart from that, I expect people to present and exchange ideas, however Japanese cultures tend to listen and do not interact with others. Moreover, France is a specific culture in contrast to Poland, more collectivist and achievable which may also bring about some difficulties in cooperation .

Globe Limited Model of Organizational Behavior

Globe Limited Model of Organizational Behavior Introduction Organizational behavior is the field of study that focuses on application of knowledge to solve organizational problems. It pertains to how individuals and groups behave in the organization. The concept of organizational behavior utilizes the system approach to address various problems afflicting the organization. It interprets the relationships between workers and the organization in order to determine the position of the firm in the market.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Globe Limited Model of Organizational Behavior specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The aim of organizational behavior is to create a superior relationship by realizing individual objectives, organizational aims and social objectives. The field encompasses a wide range of topics including human behavior, transformation, leadership and teamwork. Organizational behavior holds that employees should be guided by organization’s philosop hies, values and goals. Organizational principles should drive organizational culture, which consist of formal and informal associations, as well as social environment. Organizational culture determines leadership style, nature of organizational communication and group dynamics. Furthermore, employees view organizational culture as the value of life, which influences their motivation in the organization. The results of good management is high performance, employee satisfaction and individual growth and improvement in the organization. This paper analyzes the effectiveness of organizational behavior in increasing sales at the globe limited. The organization should adopt some models and theories in order to encourage its salespersons to achieve maximum benefits for the organization. The paper looks at some theories that are related to organizational behavior as well as techniques of motivating salespersons. The paper concludes that Globe limited must adopt supportive and collegial mod els of organizational behavior in order to realize its objectives. The organization must keep off from autocratic model, which suggests that employees must be forced to deliver positive results. Even though there is a problem at the company, the management must consider other techniques of motivating workers and adopt autocratic model as the last resort. Importance of Motivation Motivation is critical to management in the organization because it puts human resources into action. Each objective demands that physical, monetary and human resources are organized in order to realize it. Scholars have established that it is only through motivation that human resources can be used maximally. Motivation instills the spirit of willingness and cooperation in employees. Employees might be able but unwilling to use their proficiencies to achieve organizational goals and aims. Motivation would allow Globe limited to make use of both human and capital resources.Advertising Looking for ess ay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the other hand, motivation would improve the efficiency of salespersons, which would lead to high performance. Effectiveness of employees does not only rely on their academic qualifications and capabilities (Murphy 43). Motivation helps in filling the gap between capability and willingness. Through motivation, salespersons would improve their productivity, the firm would reduce the costs of operations and finally overall efficiency could be realized at the Globe limited. Nonetheless, motivation leads to realization of organizational goals and objectives because organizational goals are only achieved when there is efficient use of human resources and teamwork. This means that salespersons at the Globe limited should be goal-directed in order to behave in a purposive manner. Therefore, goals can be attained if harmonization and teamwork occurs concurrently, which ca n only happen through motivation. Recent researches show that motivation builds friendly relationships among employees. It naturally follows that motivation is a significant aspect of employee satisfaction. Top managers at the Globe limited should always remember this aspect and try to frame an appealing incentive plan that would benefit sales persons. In this regard, scholars have established some plans that can be used to motivate employees, which include financial and non-monetary inducements, promotion opportunities and sanctions for non-performing salespersons. Policy makers at the Globe limited must adopt these plans in order to motivate salespersons to perform better. Adoption of the above plans would guarantee effective collaboration, which might bring about constancy in the organization hence boosting sales. Unnecessary conflicts and inconsistencies among employees would be eliminated through adoption of the plans. Globe limited could be facing difficulties because some emp loyees are against change. The above plans could allow some employees to accept change and aspire to fulfill the wishes of the employer. Finally, motivation, especially monetary inducement, would allow salespersons to align their interests to those of the organization. The outcome of both financial and no-monetary motivation would be profit maximization because of increased productivity. Motivation encourages stability in the organization because it promotes a good reputation and benevolence. In fact, research confirms that employees’ loyalty is tied to the actions of the management. If employees are involved in decision-making processes, they tend to take active roles in the organization.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Globe Limited Model of Organizational Behavior specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Salespersons are tempted to develop extra-skills that they can use to convince customers to accept Globeâ€℠¢s products. Customers are encouraged to buy Globe’s products because of the assurances from salespersons not the company. In this respect, changing employees’ perception is critical to the performance of any organization. Motivated employees are easy to convince and manipulate. From the above analysis, it is noted that motivation is a complex concept that can only be understood by the management. Motivation is related to internal feelings, which makes it hard for any individual to understand its nature. Only managers can comprehend it because they are usually in close contact with employees. Therefore, managers are supposed to frame sound motivation plans that can boost sales at the Globe limited. It is also true that motivation is a continuous process mainly because it is based on limited needs. Increasing Sales Some actions, programs, conditions and incentives can be employed by the management to improve sales at the Globe limited. One of the actions is making use o f what is under control in the organization. The salespersons have the ability to influence buyers to purchase company products. This calls for careful handling of customers, by taking care of their demands. Some customers have no time to meet or talk to the sales team but the salespersons must strategize in order to be awarded some time by customers. In case a customer decides to talk to one of the salespersons, maximum time must be awarded to such a customer. This would give the salesperson a chance to convince the customer to accept company products. It is believed that the more the salesperson spends time with the customer, the more he/she makes sales. Whenever a salesperson handles a customer, he/she must present him/her self in the best way possible. Customers are influenced by the seller’s attitude and impression. In this case, customers must be handled with all the care that they deserve. Their concerns must be addressed fully and salespersons should always have posit ive impressions towards customers. Salespersons must be taken through orientations in order to be able to differentiate between potential and stubborn customers. Some customers may perhaps inquire about products but they do not intend to buy them. Another action would be encouraging salespersons to familiarize themselves with the company’s products, as well as competitor’s goods and services. This would help salespersons to be prepared than their competitors in the market. Through this strategy, sales persons would be ready to answer any question from customers touching on Globe’s limited products. However, this cannot be achieved unless salespersons are made to trust and believe in company products.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Motivation Theories A number of theories have been formulated to explain the conduct of employees in relation to motivation in an organization. Surprisingly, not all theories have the same postulations hence it is the role of managers to apply the best. These theories apply well under different circumstances. It should be remembered that there is no a powerful theory than others. Fredrick Winslow Tailor formulated the first theory at around 1856 to 1917. The scholar observed that workers are motivated by financial incentives. The theory was coined within the context of scientific management. The theory notes that workers are not interested in working because of various reasons. In this regard, they should be monitored closely to ensure that they comply with the company’s rules and regulations. For efficient supervision, managers should group workers into small units. Each unit is assigned a specific task and a deadline for each task is put in place. Tailor suggested that work ers should be paid according to their productivity. The less productive workers are subjected to sanctions such as demotion and salary cuts while hardworking employees are given salary increment and promotion. Each employee would be encouraged to work hard in order to keep away from negative sanctions and try to win the confidence of managers (Cofer and Appley 90). Tailor’s theory is closely related to autocratic theory of administration. At the Globe limited, Dave should apply this theory as the last resort. The model is however successful because Ford utilized it in Europe and realized high results. Globe limited can also use it successfully, especially after other techniques have failed. Dave should in fact embrace Mayo’s theory, which argues that employees are not simply interested in money. Other social needs can easily distract workers from their tasks. Dave must identify that workers are human beings whose performance rely on satisfaction. Economic contentment i s not the only type of happiness that workers pursue. Other things must be considered carefully. Mayo suggests that improving communication would be helpful in boosting sales. There must be clear lines of authority and workers must have a way of airing their views and concerns. Furthermore, Davies must participate actively in sales because it boosts the morale of employees. Mayo supports Tailor’s sentiments that workers should be encouraged to work in groups that is, forming a team with clear objectives. Maslow was not far from Mayo’s ideas when he formulated his theory that is closely related to human relations theory. In fact, his theory is referred to as Neo-human relations school. The theory focuses on psychological needs of workers. According to Maslow, employees aspire to fulfill five human needs. The needs are hierarchically arranged meaning that one is fulfilled after the other. Workers are motivated to fulfill the higher need in the hierarchy after the lower n eed in the hierarchy is fully met. Maslow posits that psychological needs such as hunger and thirst are met first. An employee dying of hunger would work hard to acquire basic salary that would help him/her obtain basic needs such as food. It is therefore the role of managers to identify the needs of each worker and move on to fulfill them. In this respect, not all employees are motivated at the same time. Therefore, managers need to learn the character of each employee in order to design an appropriate incentive. Learning Theory Apart from motivation theories, scholars have also formulated social learning theory to explain the behavior of workers in organizations. The theory postulates that human behavior can be explained in terms of continuous reciprocal interactions among cognitive, behavioral and ecological determinants. The theorists holding this view observe that an individual is not dependent. Therefore, the environment influences his/her behavior. In every organization, an i ndividual has to follow some laid down regulations. This is achieved through learning, which takes time. Unless employees are given time to adjust accordingly, they cannot deliver in their work. The management must therefore realize this and try to help workers to adjust. Dave must learn the experience of each salesperson and award tasks basing on qualifications. Some employees could have attained their experiences in different settings, which are incompatible to the existing environment (Ishmael 76). Dave must investigate this and act immediately in case sales are to increase. Human beings have five capabilities that are used in strengthening skills and knowledge. The first one is symbolizing, which is concerned about processing visual experiences. This helps an employee to sharpen his/her wits in future. Another important technique is forethought that enables workers to plan their actions in advance. Other capabilities include observation, self-regulation and self-reflection. Cof er, Charles and Appley, Mortimer. Motivation: Theory and Research. New York, NY: John Wiley Sons, 1967. Ishmael, Jones. The Human Factor: Inside the CIAs Dysfunctional Intelligence Culture. New York: Encounter Books, 2008. Murphy, Jim. Inner Excellence. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2009.

Little Red Riding Hood and the Wolf by Roald Dahl Essay

Little Red Riding Hood and the Wolf by Roald Dahl - Essay Example Roald Dahl takes this story and narrates it in his own way. According to Dahl, the wolf after feeling hungry, reached grandma’s door and after knocking, ate her up. However, he was still hungry due to which, he waited took the clothes of grandma and posed to be her. But in this story, Dahl not only saves the little girl but also kills the wolf with the hands of the little girl. Lastly, the girl is shown wearing a furry coat of the wolf’s skin, leaving her red hood and cloak (Orrell & Jones, 2004). The most significant change that the writer makes to the traditional tale is modernizing the tale by giving the little girl a pistol and showing her interest in the wolf’s skin for her coat. There are many other changes such as there is no introduction as to the mother of Little Red Riding Hood, she was out of grandma’s house for a walk in the forest. At reaching the juncture where the girl asks the wolf about his big teeth, she omits this question on which, the wolf gets upset and tells her that he would eat her even then. This upsetting of the wolf and then the girl’s whipping a pistol from her knickers and finally shooting the wolf with a â€Å"bang bang bang†, everything is quite humorous and adds color to the story. In the traditional tale, the wolf not only kills the grandma but also the little girl giving a moralistic ending while in the modern tale, there is comedy and indication of the intelligence that human beings keep. The message that is hidden in the newly developed Little Red Riding Hood is that human beings whether they are young or old can make use of even the wildest creatures for their own benefit. In addition, this message can also be taken from the story that nowadays, the little children are not as innocent as the Red Riding Hood of the old times was. Today’s children are much sharp and smart and know how to defend themselves. However, the grandma’s gets eaten by the wolf because of her negl igible resistance power and her age. The little girl is no more coward, she is intimidating for those who are troublesome for her. In Dahl’s story, wolf was himself aware of the grandma’s house and did not ask it while in the traditional tale, the address was asked technically from the little innocent child who gave the address explicitly. The wolf also prepared to be grandma by combing and curling his hair, putting on grandma’s shoes and his clothing along with hat while in the traditional tale, the wolf just got into the grandma’s bedding. The little Red Riding Hood of the traditional tale is unable to identify the wolf in her grandma’s bed due to which, she becomes the wolf’s eatable while in the modern tale, the little child after asking only two questions, identifies the wolf from his furry and hairy skin and also finds some interest in him as her future coat. After recognizing his proposition, she at once, draws her pistol to shoot the wild animal at his head. The girl is also shown skilled at using the pistol as she not only fires it but fires it perfectly in the head of the wolf. Her fire does not go useless as she successfully kills the wolf. Even the girl changes her outfit by showing that the old outfit was silly and new one is furry and lovely. After noticing a lot many changes in the newly written story by Roald Dahl, it is quite clear that the little Red Ridi

Ethical Argument (Should Roe Vs. Wade be overturned) Should Abortion Essay

Ethical Argument (Should Roe Vs. Wade be overturned) Should Abortion be outlawed - Essay Example Should Roe v Wade be overturned? Absolutely not: this essay will look at the ethical dubiousness of the pro-life position, before highlighting the fundamental difference between the pro-life and pro-choice positions, to show that criminalizing abortion in modern America would subvert our self-image as the land of the free. In the twenty-first century, it is entirely invalid to use religious justifications to deny bodily autonomy to fully half the population – most pro-life arguments boil down to a Biblical belief that life begins at conception, which is a personal matter and not one that should affect people who do not necessarily hold the same belief. It is also an ineffective argument, as according to the Guttmacher Institute, Catholic women have abortions at about the same rate as non-Catholic women. Furthermore, the pro-life movement has undermined itself through conscious lies and hypocritical violence: House Bill 1210 in Indiana demands that a doctor tells a woman seekin g an abortion of â€Å"the possibility of increased risk of breast cancer following an induced abortion† (HB 1210), even though the American Cancer Society has found no â€Å"cause-and-effect relationship between abortion and breast cancer†.

The Victorian era Essay Example for Free

The Victorian era Essay Magwitchs reaction when Pip shows him where his mother immediately makes the reader feel sorry for him. Now then lookee here! said the man. Wheres your mother? There, sir, Said I. He started, made a short run, and stopped and looked over his shoulder. Due to the fact he is making a short run at the mere mention of someone seeing him, reveals Magwitchs deeper insecurities and fear of being caught. Also the fact he is scared of a woman would create an even greater feeling of sympathy for him, especially amongst those reading in the Victorian era, as it was uncommon to have a man scared of a woman. This reaction also suggests that Magwitch may not be as strong as he originally made out, but is only putting on an act to scare Pip. Magwitch demands Pip bring him file and wittles and as he does so he tilts Pip over the tombstone a little more. You bring em both to me. He tilted me again, Or Ill have your heart and liver torn out. He tilted me again. By recreating the tilting movement again and saying it in the same repetitive manner, represents the mounting fear and unease Pip is experiencing and also stresses the difference in power; with Magwitch at this point, looming over Pip in a menacing manner, thus leading the reader to feel greater sympathy for him in such a situation and much less so for Magwitch. As Pip watches the convict leave, he says glancing about him over the cold wet flat, I wish I was a frog or a eel. Wishing to be a frog or an eel shows us how difficult Magwitch find his surroundings and that in being a frog or an eel means he doesnt not have to suffer in the cold and wet marshes any longer. Also when he says a eel it gives a hint as to the fact the Magwitch is possibly illiterate as he says a eel instead of an eel. This creates sympathy for Magwitch as it not only tells us he is uneducated but also that he may never have had the chance to go to school. Magwitchs departure creates further sympathy for him as he hugged his shuddering body in both arms and limped toward the Low Church wall. The fact he is limping could either indicate he is hurt or that the cold has numbed his body. Either way the reader feels sympathy for Magwitch, as unlike Pip, he does not have the option of going back home. Instead he is forced to pick his way among the nettles, and among brambles. Once again this shows the reader the difficulties he is facing with his surroundings and in turn this makes the reader feel sorry for him as it is clear that he has nowhere else to go. As Pip describes his surroundings once again as the sun is setting, he talks of how he can faintly make out two things on the horizon- a beacon the sailors use to steer and the other, a gibbet, from whose chain a pirate once hung. As Pip describes Magwitch walking towards the latter it gives a sense of foreboding as though something terrible is about to happen and that the gibbet (for Magwitch) might symbolise death. This creates sympathy for Magwitch as it is shown as another reminder to the reader of the punishment he could face if caught. Dickens creates sympathy for his characters, Pip and Magwitch in many ways. By carefully structuring his story; he is able to swing the readers sympathy from Pip to Magwitch as the story progresses. By introducing Pip first, Dickens made the reader feel sympathetic towards his situation. However, he was also able to make the reader empathise with Magwitch as well despite his less than honourable actions. Dickens also uses the characters dialogue and body language to represent how a character feels and what they are thinking.